The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, there are three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which contributes to learning. Research suggests that reducing extraneous load through clear instructional design can free up working memory resources, allowing learners to engage more deeply with the content. However, simply lowering intrinsic load may not always be beneficial, as some level of challenge is necessary for deep processing and skill acquisition.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하에 관한 다음 설명 중 옳은 것은 무엇인가?
A. A. 외부 부하는 항상 학습에 유익하다.
B. B. 내재적 부하를 줄이는 것이 학습을 향상시키는 가장 효과적인 방법이다.
C. C. 게르만 부하는 자료를 이해하고 학습하는 데 도움이 된다.
D. D. 인지 부하 이론은 모든 유형의 부하가 최소화되어야 한다고 제안한다.
✅ 正确答案
C. Germane load helps in understanding and learning the material.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first