The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory (CLT) suggests that learning is most effective when instructional designs align with human cognitive architecture. CLT distinguishes between intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the material, and extraneous load, which is imposed by the way information is presented. Effective teaching strategies aim to minimize extraneous load while managing intrinsic load appropriately, thereby freeing cognitive resources for schema construction and automation. Recent research has extended CLT to multimedia learning, showing that redundant or split-attention formats can unnecessarily increase extraneous load, hindering comprehension. Conversely, well-designed materials that integrate visual and verbal information can optimize learning outcomes.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная цель эффективного проектирования обучения в контексте теории когнитивной нагрузки?
A. A. Чтобы полностью устранить когнитивную нагрузку для учащихся
B. B. Чтобы увеличить внешнюю нагрузку для создания вызова учащимся
C. C. Чтобы снизить постороннюю нагрузку при управлении внутренней нагрузкой
D. D. Сосредоточиться только на внутренней нагрузке, не учитывая представление
✅ 正确答案
C. To reduce extraneous load while managing intrinsic load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first