雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike mere stability, which implies a system's return to an equilibrium after a temporary shock, resilience emphasizes the dynamic interplay between persistence and adaptability. A resilient ecosystem may shift into an alternative stable state, yet still maintain critical ecological services. Researchers argue that human interventions, such as habitat fragmentation or climate change, can erode resilience by reducing biodiversity and simplifying food webs. Consequently, management strategies increasingly focus on enhancing resilience through protecting keystone species and promoting functional redundancy, rather than solely attempting to restore historical conditions. This paradigm shift acknowledges uncertainty and encourages adaptive governance, where policies are continuously revised based on monitoring and feedback.