The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional designs align with human cognitive architecture. Extraneous cognitive load, which is generated by the way information is presented rather than by the inherent complexity of the material, can impede learning. For instance, a poorly designed diagram that requires unnecessary searching for labels adds extraneous load. In contrast, germane load is devoted to processing and constructing schemas, which are fundamental to learning. Therefore, reducing extraneous load while increasing germane load is a key goal for educators. Recent studies have shown that multimedia presentations that integrate visual and verbal information spatially and temporally can significantly reduce extraneous load, thereby enhancing knowledge retention.
❓ According to the passage, which of the following strategies is most likely to improve learning?
A. Increasing the complexity of the material to challenge students
B. Presenting visual and verbal information together in a coordinated manner
C. Adding more decorative elements to instructional diagrams
D. Separating related information into different sections to avoid overload
✅ 正确答案
Presenting visual and verbal information together in a coordinated manner
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first