The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is associated with the inherent difficulty of the material itself, which cannot be altered by instruction. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented, and can be reduced through better instructional design. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research suggests that effective teaching strategies aim to minimize extraneous load while optimizing germane load, thereby facilitating deeper comprehension and knowledge retention.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, loại tải nhận thức nào có liên quan trực tiếp nhất đến sự hiểu biết và ghi nhớ thông tin thực tế của người học?
A. A. Tải nhận thức nội tại
B. B. Tải trọng ngoại lai
C. C. Tải trọng germane
D. D. Tải trọng bộ nhớ làm việc
✅ 正确答案
C. Germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first