The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to reduce extraneous load, which is unnecessary mental effort caused by poor presentation. For instance, when a diagram is accompanied by redundant text, learners may split their attention between the two sources, increasing extraneous load. However, intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the subject matter, cannot be eliminated. Effective teaching strategies often aim to manage intrinsic load by breaking down complex tasks into smaller, sequential steps. Recent studies have shown that optimizing cognitive load can significantly improve problem-solving performance, especially in STEM fields where abstract concepts are prevalent.
❓ 根据文章所述，外在负荷与内在负荷的主要区别是什么？
A. 外在负荷有助于学习，而内在负荷则无益于学习。
B. 外部负荷可以通过更好的教学设计来降低，而内在负荷则是材料本身固有的。
C. 内在负荷源于呈现方式不佳，而外在负荷则归因于任务复杂性。
D. 在教育环境中，这两种类型的负担都同样难以管理。
✅ 正确答案
Extraneous load can be reduced by better instructional design, while intrinsic load is inherent to the material.