The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, which is the mental effort required to process information that is not directly relevant to the learning goal. For instance, a poorly designed diagram that forces students to search for labels can increase extraneous load, thereby impeding schema acquisition. Conversely, intrinsic cognitive load, which is the inherent difficulty of the material itself, cannot be reduced by instructional design, but can be managed by breaking complex tasks into smaller steps. Research indicates that overly complex presentations often overwhelm novices, while experts may benefit from more integrated formats due to their existing schemas. Thus, effective teaching must adapt to the learner's level of expertise.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 다음 중 외재적 인지 부하를 줄이기 위한 전략을 가장 잘 보여주는 것은 무엇인가?
A. A. 명확하게 라벨이 표시된 부품 다이어그램을 제공하여 불필요한 검색을 피하도록 한다.
B. B. 과제의 복잡성을 증가시켜 상위권 학생들에게 도전 과제를 제공하는 것.
C. C. 모든 정보를 단일하고 분할되지 않은 블록으로 제시하여 시간을 절약한다.
D. D. 모든 다이어그램을 제거하고 오직 언어적 설명에만 의존하는 것.
✅ 正确答案
A. Providing a diagram with clearly labeled parts to avoid unnecessary searching.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first