The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, allowing learners to focus on the intrinsic load necessary for understanding the subject. For instance, when presenting complex diagrams, separating related text and visuals can reduce split-attention effects, thereby freeing mental resources for deeper processing. However, researchers caution that reducing cognitive load is not always beneficial; some desirable difficulties, such as interleaving practice, may increase load in the short term but enhance long-term retention and transfer. Thus, the optimal level of cognitive load depends on the learner's expertise and the nature of the task, making it a dynamic rather than static target in pedagogical design.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하 이론을 교수 설계에 적용할 때 핵심적으로 고려해야 할 사항은 무엇인가?
A. 항상 인지 부하를 최소화하여 학습 성과를 향상시키십시오.
B. 학습 자료에서 모든 어려운 요소를 제거하세요.
C. 외부 부하 감소와 바람직한 어려움의 잠재적 이점 사이의 균형을 맞추십시오.
D. 모든 학습자를 위한 내재적 인지 부하를 증가시키는 데에만 집중하십시오.
✅ 正确答案
Balance the reduction of extraneous load with the potential benefits of desirable difficulties.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first