The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, conversely, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which contributes to learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to minimize extraneous load, allowing learners to allocate more cognitive resources to germane load. However, reducing intrinsic load is often difficult without simplifying the content, which may compromise learning outcomes. Therefore, effective teaching strategies often focus on optimizing the presentation format to manage overall cognitive load.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하를 관리하는 데 있어 교수 설계의 주요 목표는 무엇인가?
A. 내재적 인지 부하를 내용 단순화를 통해 제거하기 위해
B. 학습 참여도를 높이기 위해 외재적 부하를 증가시키기 위해
C. 불필요한 인지 부하를 줄이고 본질적 인지 부하를 촉진하기 위해
D. 세 가지 유형의 부하를 모두 균등하게 분배하기 위해
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous load and promote germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first