The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory (CLT) suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for intrinsic load and germane processing. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. For instance, a poorly designed diagram that requires students to search for labels can increase extraneous load, hindering schema acquisition. Conversely, well-structured multimedia presentations can reduce unnecessary mental effort, allowing learners to focus on deeper understanding. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of tailoring CLT principles to individual differences, as novices and experts process information differently. Thus, effective instructional design must consider both the nature of the content and the learner's prior knowledge to optimize cognitive resources and facilitate meaningful learning.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная цель снижения посторонней когнитивной нагрузки в проектировании обучения?
A. Чтобы повысить сложность учебного материала
B. Чтобы высвободить больше умственных ресурсов для более глубокого понимания и усвоения схем.
C. Чтобы полностью устранить внутреннюю когнитивную нагрузку
D. Чтобы сделать диаграммы более визуально привлекательными для учащихся.
✅ 正确答案
To allow more mental resources for deeper understanding and schema acquisition
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first