The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's working memory capacity. However, germane load, which is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, is beneficial. Recent research suggests that by reducing extraneous load through clear formatting and scaffolding, educators can free up mental resources for germane processing, thereby enhancing knowledge acquisition. Yet, critics argue that overly simplified presentations may reduce the depth of processing, leading to superficial understanding. Thus, the optimal balance remains a subject of debate.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교수 설계에서 외부 부하를 줄이는 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. 재료의 고유 복잡성을 증가시키기 위해
B. 더 깊은 처리와 이해를 위해 더 많은 정신적 자원을 확보하기 위해
C. 학습 과정에서 모든 인지 부하를 제거하기 위해
D. 학습자들이 정보를 더 빠르게 암기하도록 장려하기 위해
✅ 正确答案
To allow more mental resources for deep processing and understanding
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first