The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a subject of debate among geographers. Proponents argue that the physical environment, particularly climate and topography, fundamentally shapes human societies, influencing everything from economic development to cultural practices. However, critics contend that this perspective oversimplifies the complex interplay between nature and culture. They point to technological advancements and globalization as evidence that human agency can overcome environmental constraints. Recent research, such as studies on adaptive strategies in arid regions, suggests a more nuanced view: while environment sets certain parameters, human innovation and social organization determine the extent to which these limits are transcended. This has led to a synthesis known as 'possibilism', which acknowledges environmental influences without succumbing to fatalism.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, chỉ trích chính đối với thuyết quyết định môi trường là gì?
A. Nó bỏ qua vai trò của khí hậu trong việc định hình các xã hội.
B. Nó phóng đại ảnh hưởng của môi trường đối với các xã hội loài người.
C. Nó không xem xét đến những tiến bộ công nghệ ở các vùng khô hạn.
D. Nó ủng hộ quan điểm định mệnh về sự phát triển của con người.
✅ 正确答案
It overstates the influence of the environment on human societies.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first