The concept of 'neuroplasticity' has revolutionized our understanding of the human brain. Traditionally, it was believed that the brain's structure was relatively fixed after childhood, with certain functions hardwired to specific regions. However, recent research demonstrates that the brain remains highly adaptable throughout life, capable of reorganizing its neural pathways in response to learning, experience, or injury. This plasticity is not uniform; it varies by brain region and age, with the hippocampus, crucial for memory, showing remarkable resilience even in older adults. Moreover, environmental enrichment and cognitive training have been shown to enhance synaptic growth, suggesting that mental activity can physically alter brain structure. This challenges the deterministic view of brain development and opens new avenues for rehabilitation after neurological damage, yet it also raises questions about the limits of such adaptability and the potential for maladaptive changes, such as chronic pain or addiction.
❓ Согласно тексту, каково ключевое значение нейропластичности?
A. A) Структура мозга становится полностью жёсткой после детства.
B. B) Обучение и опыт могут приводить к физическим изменениям в мозге на протяжении всей жизни.
C. C) Гиппокамп — единственная область мозга, которая сохраняет адаптивность в пожилом возрасте.
D. D) Нейропластичность всегда приводит к положительным результатам, таким как улучшение памяти.
✅ 正确答案
B) Learning and experience can lead to physical changes in the brain throughout life.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first