The concept of 'social capital' has gained significant traction in sociological research, referring to the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. Unlike physical capital (tools, machinery) or human capital (education, skills), social capital is embedded in the structure of social relations. Recent studies suggest that high levels of social capital correlate with lower crime rates, better public health, and more efficient governance. However, critics argue that social capital can have a 'dark side,' as tightly knit communities may exclude outsiders or enforce conformity, hindering innovation and individual freedom. This dual nature implies that the benefits of social capital are not unconditional but depend on the inclusiveness and openness of the networks involved.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key limitation of social capital?
A. A. It requires high levels of physical capital to be effective.
B. B. It may lead to exclusion of outsiders and stifle innovation.
C. C. It is less important than human capital in modern societies.
D. D. It only functions effectively in small, homogeneous communities.
✅ 正确答案
B. It may lead to exclusion of outsiders and stifle innovation.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first