The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geographical studies. This theory posits that human behavior and societal development are predominantly shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. Early proponents, such as Ellsworth Huntington, argued that temperate climates fostered innovation, while tropical regions lagged due to environmental harshness. However, modern scholars criticize this view as overly simplistic and potentially biased, noting that human agency, technological advancement, and cultural exchange can overcome environmental constraints. For instance, the rise of Singapore as a global financial hub despite its tropical location contradicts deterministic predictions. Thus, while environment plays a role, its influence is mediated by complex socio-economic factors, making deterministic explanations inadequate.
❓ この文章で言及されている環境決定論に対する主な批判は何ですか？
A. A. それは、気候が社会を形成する役割を無視している。
B. B. それは人間の主体性とテクノロジーを過度に強調している。
C. C. それは人間の適応力や社会経済的要因を考慮に入れていない。
D. D. それは温帯地域にのみ適用される。
✅ 正确答案
C. It fails to account for human adaptability and socio-economic factors.
IELTS Reading Tips
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