The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to minimize extraneous load to free up cognitive resources for germane processing. However, reducing intrinsic load is not always desirable, as it may oversimplify the content and hinder deep learning.
❓ Согласно тексту, какой тип когнитивной нагрузки instructional designers должны в первую очередь стремиться снизить?
A. Внутренняя когнитивная нагрузка
B. Внешняя нагрузка
C. Когерентная нагрузка
D. Все виды когнитивной нагрузки
✅ 正确答案
Extraneous load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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