雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the late 20th century, primarily as a response to the disproportionate burden of pollution and environmental hazards borne by marginalized communities. Scholars argue that these disparities are not accidental but result from historical patterns of land use, zoning policies, and economic exploitation. For instance, low-income neighborhoods and communities of color are often located near industrial facilities, waste disposal sites, or major highways, leading to higher exposure to toxic substances. This has prompted legal and policy frameworks that aim to ensure fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental decision-making. However, critics contend that current measures remain insufficient, as they often address symptoms rather than underlying structural inequities. Thus, achieving true environmental justice requires not only regulatory reforms but also a fundamental rethinking of power dynamics and resource distribution.