The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional designers often seek to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, germane load, which involves the mental resources devoted to processing and understanding the material, is considered beneficial. Research suggests that reducing extraneous load, for instance by using clear diagrams instead of redundant text, allows more working memory capacity for germane processing. Yet, some scholars argue that overly simplified presentations may reduce deep learning, as learners need to grapple with some complexity to build robust mental models. Thus, the optimal level of cognitive load is not minimal but rather balanced according to learner expertise.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная проблема, связанная с когнитивной нагрузкой в проектировании обучения?
A. A. Устранение всей когнитивной нагрузки для избежания утомления учащихся.
B. B. Увеличение внутренней нагрузки для создания вызова продвинутым учащимся.
C. C. Балансирование когнитивной нагрузки для обеспечения эффективного обучения без чрезмерного упрощения.
D. D. Сосредоточение исключительно на снижении посторонней нагрузки без учёта сложности содержания.
✅ 正确答案
C. Balancing cognitive load to allow for effective learning without oversimplification.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first