The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is associated with the inherent difficulty of the material itself, which cannot be altered by instruction. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner, and can be reduced through better instructional design. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research suggests that effective teaching strategies aim to minimize extraneous load while optimizing germane load, thereby facilitating deeper comprehension.
❓ Согласно тексту, какой тип когнитивной нагрузки наиболее непосредственно связан с реальным пониманием материала учащимся?
A. Внутренняя когнитивная нагрузка
B. Внешняя нагрузка
C. Когнитивная нагрузка
D. Рабочая нагрузка на память
✅ 正确答案
Germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first