The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the total load exceeds the learner's working memory capacity. This can occur when the material is inherently complex (intrinsic load) or when the presentation is poorly designed, causing unnecessary mental activity (extraneous load). Effective instruction reduces extraneous load while preserving the essential complexity needed for learning. Recent research suggests that adapting instructional methods to individual differences in working memory capacity can further enhance learning outcomes, as learners with lower capacity may benefit from more scaffolded approaches.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 효과적인 수업의 핵심 요소는 무엇인가?
A. 학습자에게 도전을 주기 위해 내재적 부하를 증가시키기
B. 학습자들의 모든 인지 부하를 제거하기
C. 필수적 복잡성을 유지하면서 불필요한 부하를 줄이기
D. 모든 학습자에게 능력에 관계없이 동일한 지도를 제공하는 것
✅ 正确答案
Reducing extraneous load while maintaining essential complexity
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first