The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which contributes to learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to minimize extraneous load, allowing more cognitive resources to be allocated to germane load. However, reducing intrinsic load is more challenging, as it depends on the learner's prior knowledge and the interconnectivity of the elements involved. Thus, effective teaching strategies often involve scaffolding to help learners manage intrinsic load while optimizing germane load.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, mục tiêu chính của thiết kế giảng dạy là gì?
A. Để loại bỏ tất cả các loại tải nhận thức
B. Để tăng tải trọng nội tại nhằm tạo thách thức tốt hơn
C. Để giảm tải trọng không cần thiết và tăng cường tải trọng liên quan
D. Để làm cho tài liệu phức tạp hơn nhằm học sâu hơn
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous load and enhance germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first