The concept of 'environmental consciousness' has evolved significantly over the past century, moving from a peripheral concern to a central tenet of global policy. Initially, environmental activism focused on preserving pristine landscapes for aesthetic or recreational purposes. However, the latter half of the 20th century saw a paradigm shift, driven by mounting scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change and resource depletion. This new 'ecological modernisation' perspective argues that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can be mutually reinforcing through technological innovation and market-based mechanisms. Critics, however, contend that this approach underestimates the structural changes required to achieve true sustainability, suggesting that incremental reforms within the current economic system are insufficient. They advocate for a more transformative agenda that redefines societal values and consumption patterns, challenging the very foundations of industrial capitalism.
❓ According to the passage, what is the main criticism of the 'ecological modernisation' perspective?
A. A. It prioritizes economic growth over environmental protection.
B. B. It relies too heavily on technological solutions without addressing underlying systemic issues.
C. C. It ignores the aesthetic value of natural landscapes.
D. D. It advocates for a complete overhaul of industrial capitalism without practical steps.
✅ 正确答案
B. It relies too heavily on technological solutions without addressing underlying systemic issues.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first