The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained traction in ecological studies, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining its fundamental structure and functions. Resilience is not static; it varies with the intensity and frequency of stressors, such as climate change or human intervention. A resilient system may shift to an alternative stable state if thresholds are exceeded, leading to irreversible changes. Researchers argue that enhancing biodiversity can buffer ecosystems against shocks, as diverse species often perform complementary roles. However, critics note that resilience alone does not guarantee the preservation of ecosystem services valuable to humans, such as pollination or water purification. Therefore, management strategies must integrate resilience with adaptive governance, promoting flexibility in decision-making to cope with uncertainty. This holistic approach acknowledges that ecosystems are complex, and their responses to disturbances are often nonlinear and unpredictable.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается ключевое ограничение сосредоточения исключительно на экологической устойчивости?
A. A. Это игнорирует роль биоразнообразия в стабильности экосистемы.
B. B. Оно не обеспечивает непрерывность предоставления человеку важнейших экосистемных услуг.
C. C. Он предполагает, что реакции экосистем на возмущения всегда линейны.
D. D. Это препятствует применению адаптивных стратегий управления в государственном управлении.
✅ 正确答案
B. It fails to ensure the continuity of essential ecosystem services for humans.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first