The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Unlike traditional gray infrastructure, which relies on concrete and steel to manage stormwater, green infrastructure employs natural systems such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and urban forests. These systems not only reduce flooding by absorbing rainwater but also improve air quality, lower urban heat island effects, and enhance biodiversity. However, the implementation of green infrastructure faces challenges, including higher initial costs and the need for specialized maintenance. Despite these obstacles, proponents argue that the long-term economic and environmental benefits outweigh the upfront investments. A recent study in Portland, Oregon, demonstrated that green infrastructure projects reduced stormwater runoff by up to 70% in targeted areas, while also increasing property values. Nevertheless, critics caution that without proper design and community engagement, such projects may fail to deliver expected outcomes, particularly in densely populated low-income neighborhoods.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, lập luận chính mà những người ủng hộ hạ tầng xanh đưa ra là gì?
A. Cơ sở hạ tầng xanh có chi phí xây dựng rẻ hơn so với cơ sở hạ tầng xám truyền thống.
B. Hạ tầng xanh mang lại những lợi ích lâu dài, biện minh cho chi phí ban đầu cao hơn của nó.
C. Cơ sở hạ tầng xanh hiệu quả nhất ở các khu dân cư có thu nhập thấp.
D. Cơ sở hạ tầng xanh hoàn toàn loại bỏ nhu cầu quản lý nước mưa.
✅ 正确答案
Green infrastructure provides long-term benefits that justify its higher initial costs.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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