雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained traction in urban planning as a means to mitigate the effects of climate change. Unlike conventional gray infrastructure, which relies on concrete and steel, green infrastructure employs natural systems such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and urban forests to manage stormwater and reduce heat island effects. Proponents argue that these nature-based solutions not only enhance environmental resilience but also provide social benefits, including improved mental health and community cohesion. However, critics point out that the initial costs and maintenance requirements can be prohibitive, and that the effectiveness of such systems is highly dependent on local climatic conditions and urban density. Consequently, while green infrastructure offers a promising alternative, its implementation requires careful context-specific planning to balance ecological, economic, and social objectives.