The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a subject of debate among geographers. Early proponents, such as Ellsworth Huntington, argued that climate and topography directly shaped human civilization, suggesting that temperate zones fostered advanced societies while tropical regions hindered development. However, this theory fell out of favor in the mid-20th century, criticized for its oversimplification and implicit racial biases. Contemporary scholars instead advocate for 'possibilism', which posits that environmental conditions offer a range of possibilities, but human agency and cultural innovation ultimately determine outcomes. This shift reflects a broader recognition of the complex interplay between nature and culture, acknowledging that while environment influences, it does not dictate, human destiny.
❓ 根据文章所述，环境决定论被否定的主要原因是什么？
A. A) 它是基于不充分的地理数据。
B. B) 它未能考虑到人类的创造力和文化多样性。
C. C) 它过于关注热带气候。
D. D) 它与可能论理论相冲突。
✅ 正确答案
B) It failed to account for human creativity and cultural diversity.