The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (inherent complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a certain level of desirable difficulty, such as interleaving practice or introducing occasional distractions, can enhance long-term retention by promoting deeper processing. This nuanced view challenges the traditional assumption that all reductions in cognitive load are beneficial, implying that instructional strategies must balance clarity with productive challenge to foster durable learning.
❓ What is the main implication of recent research for instructional design?
A. A. Reducing cognitive load is always the best approach to enhance learning.
B. B. Instructional strategies should aim to eliminate all forms of difficulty.
C. C. Some challenges during learning can improve long-term retention, so balance is needed.
D. D. Intrinsic load is more important than extraneous load in all learning contexts.
✅ 正确答案
C. Some challenges during learning can improve long-term retention, so balance is needed.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first