雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained traction in ecological studies as a framework for understanding how ecosystems respond to disturbances. Unlike mere resistance, which implies an ability to withstand stress without change, resilience refers to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb shocks while maintaining its core functions and structures. A resilient system may undergo temporary shifts in species composition or nutrient cycling, but it ultimately returns to a state of equilibrium. However, recent research suggests that resilience is not infinite; exceeding certain thresholds can trigger a regime shift, leading to a fundamentally different, often less desirable, stable state. This has profound implications for conservation policy, as managers must not only protect current conditions but also enhance the adaptive capacity of ecosystems to cope with future uncertainties, such as climate change. Thus, building resilience is a proactive strategy, rather than a reactive measure to restore degraded habitats.