The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a contentious issue in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and topographical conditions. However, this perspective was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural interactions and for justifying colonial narratives. Modern research suggests a more nuanced relationship, where environmental factors influence but do not dictate outcomes. For instance, while arid regions may limit agricultural potential, they have also fostered innovative water management techniques. Thus, environmental constraints can spur technological and social adaptation, challenging the idea of passive human response to nature.
❓ Lập luận chính của đoạn văn về thuyết quyết định môi trường là gì?
A. A) Nó giải thích chính xác mọi sự phát triển của xã hội.
B. B) Nó đã hoàn toàn bị bác bỏ bởi nghiên cứu hiện đại.
C. C) Nó bỏ qua khả năng sáng tạo và năng lực thích ứng của con người.
D. D) Nó chủ yếu áp dụng cho các vùng khô hạn.
✅ 正确答案
C) It overlooks human creativity and adaptive capacity.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first