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The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Unlike conventional grey infrastructure, which relies on concrete and steel to manage stormwater, green infrastructure employs natural processes such as soil absorption and vegetation transpiration. A 2019 study by the University of Melbourne found that integrating green roofs and permeable pavements into city designs reduced surface runoff by up to 40% during heavy rainfall events. Furthermore, these systems contribute to urban cooling, counteracting the heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity by providing habitats for local species. However, critics argue that the initial installation costs are prohibitive and maintenance requirements are more intensive than traditional systems. Despite these challenges, proponents assert that long-term savings in flood damage repair and energy consumption outweigh upfront expenditures, making green infrastructure a viable sustainable investment for future-proofing cities.