The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. According to cognitive load theory, instructional design should minimize extraneous cognitive load to facilitate learning. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to learners, rather than by the inherent complexity of the material itself. For instance, a poorly designed diagram that requires the learner to search for corresponding labels can increase extraneous load, thereby impeding the construction of schemas. In contrast, intrinsic load is related to the difficulty of the subject matter itself and cannot be altered by instructional manipulations. Effective teaching strategies, therefore, aim to manage intrinsic load while reducing extraneous load, allowing learners to devote more cognitive resources to the essential aspects of the task.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하와 관련한 교수 설계의 주요 목표는 무엇인가?
A. 모든 형태의 인지 부하를 제거하여 학습을 수월하게 만든다.
B. 내재적 인지 부하를 증가시켜 학습자에게 더 깊은 도전을 제공한다.
C. 외재적 부하를 줄이면서 내재적 부하를 효과적으로 관리하기 위해.
D. 복잡한 다이어그램을 만들어 더 많은 사고 노력이 필요하게 하기 위해.
✅ 正确答案
To reduce extraneous load while managing intrinsic load effectively.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first