雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike mere stability, which implies resistance to change, resilience emphasizes adaptability and recovery. Recent studies suggest that ecosystems with higher biodiversity often exhibit greater resilience, as diverse species can fulfill similar ecological roles, providing a buffer against species loss. However, human activities such as habitat fragmentation and pollution can erode this resilience, pushing systems toward thresholds beyond which they may shift into alternative, often less desirable, states. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective conservation strategies, as managers must focus not only on preserving current conditions but also on maintaining the capacity for future adaptation.