The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely dictated by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this perspective was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural dynamics and for justifying colonial narratives. Modern scholars advocate for a more nuanced approach, recognizing that while environment can constrain or enable certain activities, human innovation and cultural values play a pivotal role in shaping outcomes. For instance, similar ecological settings have produced vastly different societal structures, undermining the deterministic link. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward acknowledging agency and historical contingency over rigid causal explanations.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경 결정론이 비판을 받는 이유는 무엇인가?
A. A. 기후가 사회를 형성하는 역할을 무시한다.
B. B. 그것은 환경이 인간 행동에 미치는 영향을 과장하며, 식민주의를 지지하는 데 사용되어 왔다.
C. C. 현대 사회의 기술 발전을 고려하지 못한다.
D. D. 그것은 모든 사회가 지리와 무관하게 동일하게 발전한다고 제안한다.
✅ 正确答案
B. It overstates the influence of environment on human behavior and has been used to support colonialism.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first