The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize unnecessary cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for schema acquisition. However, recent studies have shown that a moderate level of intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the material, can actually enhance deep processing. This is because challenging content encourages learners to engage in elaboration and metacognitive strategies, leading to better retention. Conversely, extraneous load, which arises from poorly designed instruction, should be reduced to avoid overwhelming the learner. Thus, the optimal learning environment balances intrinsic load while eliminating extraneous distractions, rather than simply minimizing all cognitive demands.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чём заключается ключ к эффективному обучению?
A. A. Минимизация всех форм когнитивной нагрузки для избежания умственного переутомления.
B. B. Устранение внутренней нагрузки при сохранении внешней нагрузки.
C. C. Балансирование внутренней нагрузки и снижение внешней нагрузки.
D. D. Увеличение когнитивной нагрузки для стимулирования более глубокой обработки информации.
✅ 正确答案
C. Balancing intrinsic load and reducing extraneous load.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first