The concept of 'ecological footprint' has become a central metric in sustainability studies, quantifying the demand placed on Earth's ecosystems by human activities. It measures the biologically productive land and water area required to produce the resources consumed and to absorb the waste generated, given prevailing technology and resource management practices. While this tool effectively highlights disparities in consumption between developed and developing nations, critics argue that it oversimplifies complex environmental impacts, neglecting factors such as toxicity or biodiversity loss. Furthermore, the footprint's static nature fails to account for technological innovations that might reduce future resource demands. Despite these limitations, the ecological footprint remains a powerful communicative device, translating abstract environmental degradation into tangible spatial units that resonate with policymakers and the public alike.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная критика экологического следа как метрики?
A. Это преувеличивает экологическое воздействие развивающихся стран.
B. Он игнорирует определённые виды ущерба окружающей среде и будущий технологический прогресс.
C. Это слишком сложно для понимания политиками.
D. Он сосредоточен исключительно на поглощении отходов, а не на производстве ресурсов.
✅ 正确答案
It ignores certain types of environmental damage and future technological progress.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first