The concept of ecosystem services has gained significant traction in environmental policy over the past two decades. These services, which include provisioning resources like food and water, regulating processes such as climate and flood control, and cultural benefits like recreation, are often undervalued in economic markets. This undervaluation stems from their status as public goods, leading to overexploitation and degradation. To address this, scholars have proposed market-based instruments, such as payment for ecosystem services (PES), which provide financial incentives to landowners for conserving habitats that deliver these benefits. However, critics argue that commodifying nature can oversimplify complex ecological interactions and may inadvertently prioritize services with clear monetary value over those that are harder to quantify, such as biodiversity. Thus, while PES offers a pragmatic tool, its implementation requires careful design to avoid unintended ecological trade-offs.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, mối quan tâm chính đối với các phương pháp tiếp cận dựa trên thị trường như PES là gì?
A. Chúng quá tốn kém đối với hầu hết các chính phủ để thực hiện.
B. Họ có thể bỏ qua các giá trị sinh thái khó định lượng bằng tiền.
C. Chúng đã được chứng minh là không hiệu quả trong việc giảm thiểu suy thoái môi trường sống.
D. Họ tập trung quá nhiều vào các dịch vụ văn hóa thay vì các dịch vụ cung cấp.
✅ 正确答案
They may neglect ecological values that are difficult to monetize.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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