The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often seek to manage cognitive load to optimize learning outcomes. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's available working memory capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a certain level of germane load, which involves the mental resources dedicated to processing and understanding the underlying structure of the content, is essential for deep learning. Thus, effective instruction should minimize extraneous load while preserving opportunities for germane cognitive processing, rather than simply reducing all types of load.
❓ Каково основное значение теории когнитивной нагрузки для проектирования обучения, как описано в тексте?
A. Все виды когнитивной нагрузки должны быть минимизированы, чтобы не перегружать обучающихся.
B. Инструкция должна быть сосредоточена исключительно на снижении внутренней нагрузки путем упрощения содержания.
C. Дизайнерам следует снижать постороннюю нагрузку, но поощрять релевантную нагрузку для глубокого понимания.
D. Результаты обучения наиболее высоки, когда рабочая память полностью загружена сложным материалом.
✅ 正确答案
Designers should reduce extraneous load but encourage germane load for deep understanding.
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