The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass economic viability and social equity. Researchers argue that truly sustainable cities must integrate green infrastructure, such as parks and green roofs, with efficient public transportation and affordable housing. However, a major challenge lies in the trade-offs between these goals. For instance, while densification can reduce carbon emissions by shortening commutes, it may also lead to higher property prices, displacing low-income communities. Thus, urban planners increasingly advocate for participatory approaches, where residents have a voice in decision-making, to balance competing interests. Studies indicate that such inclusive processes not only improve policy acceptance but also foster long-term resilience, as communities become more invested in maintaining their environment.
❓ What is the main challenge in achieving sustainable urban development according to the passage?
A. A. The high cost of green infrastructure projects
B. B. The conflict between environmental goals and social or economic objectives
C. C. The lack of advanced technology for sustainable design
D. D. The resistance from local governments to new policies
✅ 正确答案
B. The conflict between environmental goals and social or economic objectives
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first