雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Unlike conventional gray infrastructure, which relies on centralized systems of pipes and treatment plants, green infrastructure employs natural processes such as soil absorption and vegetation to manage stormwater. This approach not only reduces flooding risks but also enhances urban biodiversity and improves air quality. However, its implementation faces challenges, including higher upfront costs and the need for maintenance expertise. Critics argue that in densely populated cities, the land required for such systems is often unavailable, making gray solutions more practical. Proponents counter that integrating green spaces into existing structures, such as rooftop gardens and permeable pavements, can overcome spatial constraints. Ultimately, the success of green infrastructure depends on adaptive policies tailored to local environmental and socioeconomic conditions.