The concept of 'environmental determinism,' which posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions, has been largely discredited in modern geography. Critics argue that it oversimplifies the complex interplay between culture, technology, and environment. However, a nuanced form of this idea has re-emerged in discussions about climate change vulnerability. Researchers now suggest that while environmental factors do not dictate outcomes, they can significantly constrain or enable certain adaptive strategies, particularly in regions with limited resources. This perspective acknowledges human agency but insists that ignoring environmental pressures can lead to flawed policy-making. Thus, understanding these constraints is not a return to determinism but a call for more context-sensitive approaches to sustainable development.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная причина пересмотра экологических факторов в современной географии?
A. Чтобы возродить первоначальную теорию экологического детерминизма
B. Подчеркнуть, что окружающая среда напрямую определяет успех общества.
C. Признать, что экологические факторы могут влиять на адаптивные решения, но не определять их.
D. Чтобы заменить культурные и технологические объяснения экологическими
✅ 正确答案
To recognize that environmental pressures can influence but not dictate adaptive choices
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first