The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained traction in ecological studies, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining its fundamental structure and functions. Recent research suggests that resilience is not a static property but is dynamically influenced by biodiversity. High species diversity often enhances functional redundancy, where multiple species perform similar ecological roles, thereby buffering the system against species loss. However, this relationship is contingent on the type of disturbance; for instance, novel stressors like synthetic chemicals may overwhelm even diverse ecosystems. Moreover, resilience can be eroded by chronic anthropogenic pressures, such as habitat fragmentation, which reduce genetic variability and disrupt key interactions. Consequently, conservation strategies increasingly focus on preserving not just species richness but also the ecological processes that underpin adaptive capacity, rather than aiming for a fixed 'pristine' state.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная причина того, что высокое биоразнообразие способствует устойчивости окружающей среды?
A. A. Это гарантирует, что все виды выполняют идентичные экологические роли.
B. B. Это обеспечивает буфер против потери видов благодаря перекрывающимся функциям.
C. C. Это устраняет воздействие новых возмущений, таких как синтетические химические вещества.
D. D. Это предотвращает фрагментацию среды обитания.
✅ 正确答案
B. It provides a buffer against species loss through overlapping functions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first