雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decades, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass social equity and economic viability. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting integrated green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance residents' mental well-being. However, critics argue that such initiatives often prioritize affluent neighborhoods, exacerbating spatial inequality. A balanced approach, therefore, requires participatory governance that ensures marginalized communities benefit equally from environmental upgrades. Without inclusive planning, sustainable cities risk becoming exclusive enclaves of privilege rather than models of resilience.