雅思阅读

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The concept of 'environmental resilience' has gained traction in ecological studies, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining its core functions. Recent research suggests that resilience is not merely a passive recovery mechanism but an active process involving adaptive shifts in species composition and nutrient cycling. For instance, coral reefs exposed to thermal stress may undergo phase shifts, where dominant species are replaced by more tolerant algae, altering the ecosystem's structure yet preserving some productivity. However, critics argue that such shifts often reduce biodiversity and ecosystem services, questioning whether resilience truly equates to long-term stability. This debate highlights the need for nuanced metrics that distinguish between resistance (the ability to withstand change) and recovery (the speed of return to original state), as policies aimed at enhancing resilience may inadvertently favor one over the other.