The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often strive to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the total load exceeds the learner's working memory capacity. This can occur when the intrinsic complexity of the material (intrinsic load) is compounded by poor instructional design (extraneous load). However, germane load, which is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, is considered beneficial. Research suggests that by reducing extraneous load, educators can free up mental resources for germane load, thereby enhancing comprehension and retention. For instance, presenting information in a clear, well-organized manner, or integrating visual and auditory channels appropriately, can reduce unnecessary cognitive strain. Thus, effective teaching materials are those that align with the natural limits of human information processing.
❓ According to the passage, what is the primary way to improve learning outcomes?
A. A. Increasing the total cognitive load to challenge students
B. B. Reducing extraneous load to allow more mental effort for understanding
C. C. Eliminating all intrinsic load from the learning material
D. D. Focusing solely on visual presentations of information
✅ 正确答案
B. Reducing extraneous load to allow more mental effort for understanding
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first