The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially focused on environmental protection, it now encompasses economic viability and social equity as interconnected pillars. Critics argue that the term is often co-opted by corporations to justify greenwashing, where superficial eco-friendly initiatives mask unsustainable practices. However, proponents contend that sustainable development provides a necessary framework for balancing competing interests, particularly in developing nations where economic growth must be reconciled with ecological limits. Recent studies highlight that successful implementation requires robust governance and community participation, rather than top-down policies. Without these elements, even well-intentioned strategies may fail to address root causes of environmental degradation, leading to unintended consequences such as increased inequality or resource depletion.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key factor for the successful implementation of sustainable development?
A. A. Strict adherence to the Brundtland Report guidelines
B. B. Strong governance and involvement of local communities
C. C. Corporate adoption of eco-friendly branding
D. D. Exclusive focus on economic growth in developing nations
✅ 正确答案
B. Strong governance and involvement of local communities
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first