The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is associated with the complexity of the material itself, which cannot be altered without changing the content. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented, such as confusing diagrams or unnecessary instructions, and can be reduced by better instructional design. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which is beneficial for learning. Research suggests that instructional designers should aim to minimize extraneous load while optimizing germane load, especially when dealing with complex subjects. However, over-simplifying content may inadvertently reduce intrinsic load, which could hinder deep learning.
❓ 根据文章所述，教学设计者在管理认知负荷时的首要目标是什么？
A. A) 消除所有类型的认知负荷，使学习变得毫不费力。
B. B) 减少外在认知负荷，增强相关认知负荷，以促进更有效的学习
C. C) 通过使内容更加复杂来增加内在认知负荷
D. D) 只关注材料的呈现方式，而忽视内容的复杂性
✅ 正确答案
B) To reduce extraneous load and enhance germane load for better learning