The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for intrinsic and germane processing. Intrinsic load relates to the complexity of the material itself, while germane load involves the processes of schema construction and automation. Researchers have found that poorly designed presentations, such as those with redundant information or split-attention effects, can unnecessarily increase extraneous load, hindering comprehension. Conversely, well-structured formats, like using integrated diagrams and concise text, can enhance learning outcomes by reducing unnecessary mental demands. This theory has significant implications for curriculum design and multimedia learning, emphasizing the need to align instructional methods with human cognitive architecture.
❓ According to the passage, what is the primary way to improve learning effectiveness?
A. A. Increasing the complexity of the material to challenge students.
B. B. Reducing extraneous cognitive load through better instructional design.
C. C. Providing more redundant information to reinforce key concepts.
D. D. Focusing solely on the intrinsic load of the subject matter.
✅ 正确答案
B. Reducing extraneous cognitive load through better instructional design.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first