Recent studies in cognitive psychology have challenged the traditional view that human memory operates as a passive recording device. Instead, researchers now propose that memory is an active, reconstructive process, where each recall is influenced by current knowledge, beliefs, and contextual cues. This dynamic nature of memory has significant implications for eyewitness testimony, as individuals may inadvertently alter their recollections based on post-event information. For example, the misinformation effect demonstrates that exposure to misleading details after an event can lead to distorted memory reports. Consequently, legal systems are increasingly adopting stricter protocols for interviewing witnesses, such as cognitive interviews, to minimize contamination. These findings underscore the necessity of viewing memory not as a fixed archive, but as a malleable system susceptible to external influences.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la principal implicación de la naturaleza reconstructiva de la memoria para los contextos legales?
A. A. El testimonio de testigos presenciales siempre es poco fiable y debe descartarse por completo.
B. B. Los procedimientos legales deben diseñarse para reducir el riesgo de distorsión de la memoria en los testigos.
C. C. Se pueden lograr mejoras en la memoria mediante el interrogatorio repetido de los testigos.
D. D. El efecto de desinformación solo ocurre cuando los testigos son intencionalmente engañosos.
✅ 正确答案
B. Legal procedures should be designed to reduce the risk of memory distortion in witnesses.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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