The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design often aims to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a moderate level of germane load, which involves the mental resources dedicated to processing and understanding the material, can enhance deep learning. This implies that not all cognitive load is detrimental; rather, the type and source of load matter significantly. For instance, presenting information in multiple formats might increase extraneous load, but if it aids in creating mental models, it could inadvertently support learning. Therefore, educators must carefully balance these load types to facilitate effective knowledge acquisition.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, yếu tố then chốt quyết định tải trọng nhận thức cản trở hay hỗ trợ việc học là gì?
A. Tổng lượng tải nhận thức mà người học trải qua
B. Sự khác biệt giữa tải trọng nội tại, tải trọng ngoại lai và tải trọng liên quan
C. Việc sử dụng nhiều định dạng khác nhau để trình bày thông tin
D. Dung lượng bộ nhớ làm việc của người học
✅ 正确答案
The distinction between intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first