The concept of 'circular economy' has gained significant traction in recent years as an alternative to the traditional linear model of 'take-make-dispose'. Unlike linear systems, which prioritize throughput and often externalize environmental costs, a circular economy aims to decouple economic growth from resource consumption by designing out waste, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems. This transition requires not only technological innovation, such as advanced recycling processes and modular product design, but also systemic changes in consumer behavior and regulatory frameworks. Critics argue, however, that the feasibility of full circularity is limited by thermodynamic constraints, as material degradation inevitably occurs during recycling, and by economic barriers, where the cost of recovery often exceeds the value of virgin materials. Nonetheless, proponents contend that even partial circularity can yield substantial environmental benefits, making it a pragmatic step toward sustainability.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, một hạn chế lớn của việc đạt được nền kinh tế tuần hoàn hoàn toàn là gì?
A. A. Sự thiếu quan tâm của người tiêu dùng đối với các sản phẩm bền vững.
B. B. Sự phân hủy nhiệt động học của vật liệu trong quá trình tái chế.
C. C. Sự phụ thuộc quá mức vào đổi mới công nghệ.
D. D. Không thể tách rời tăng trưởng khỏi việc sử dụng tài nguyên.
✅ 正确答案
B. The thermodynamic degradation of materials during recycling.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first